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岩爆 4

微地震监测 4

压裂 3

三峡工程 2

低渗透 2

围岩变形 2

土石方 2

实时监控 2

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Computational methods for fracture in rock: a review and recent advances

Ali JENABIDEHKORDI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 273-287 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0459-5

摘要： We present an overview of the most popular state-of-the-art computational methods available for modelling fracture in rock. The summarized numerical methods can be classified into three categories: Continuum Based Methods, Discrete Crack Approaches, and Block-Based Methods. We will not only provide an extensive review of those methods which can be found elsewhere but particularly address their potential in modelling fracture in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this context, we will discuss their key applications, assumptions, and limitations. Furthermore, we also address ‘general’ difficulties that may arise for simulating fracture in rock and fractured rock. This review will conclude with some final remarks and future challenges.

关键词： numerical modelling method development rock mechanics fractured rock rock fracturing

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Experimental study on slurry-induced fracturing during shield tunneling

Teng WANG, Dajun YUAN, Dalong JIN, Xinggao LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 333-345 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0718-8

摘要： Facial support in slurry shield tunneling is provided by slurry pressure to balance the external earth and water pressure. Hydraulic fracturing may occur and cause a significant decrease in the support pressure if the slurry pressure exceeds the threshold of the soil or rock material, resulting in a serious face collapse accident. Preventing the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing in a slurry shield requires investigating the effects of related influencing factors on the hydraulic fracturing pressure and fracture pattern. In this study, a hydraulic fracturing apparatus was developed to test the slurry-induced fracturing of cohesive soil. The effects of different sample parameters and loading conditions, including types of holes, unconfined compressive strength, slurry viscosity, and axial and circumferential loads, on the fracturing pressure and fracture dip were examined. The results indicate that the fracture dip is mainly affected by the deviator stress. The fracturing pressure increases linearly with the increase in the circumferential pressure, but it is almost independent of the axial pressure. The unconfined compressive strength of soil can reflect its ability to resist fracturing failure. The fracturing pressure increases with an increase in the unconfined compressive strength as well as the slurry viscosity. Based on the test results, an empirical approach was proposed to estimate the fracturing pressure of the soil.

关键词： slurry shield tunneling hydraulic fracturing test fracturing pressure fracture dip unconfined compressive strength slurry viscosity

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Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 937-947 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0754-4

摘要： This study aims to investigate hydrofracturing in double-layered soil through theoretical and experimental analysis, as multilayered soils where the difference in mechanical properties exists are generally encountered in practical engineering. First, an analytical solution for fracturing pressure in two different concentric regions of soil was presented based on the cavity expansion theory. Then, several triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests were carried out to validate the analytical solution. The comparison between the experimental and analytical results indicates the remarkable accuracy of the derived formula, and the following conclusions were also obtained. First, there is a linear relationship between the fracturing pressure and confining pressure in concentric double-layered cohesive soil. Second, when the internal-layer soil is softer than the external-layer soil, the presence of internal soil on the fracturing pressure approximately brings the weakening effect, and the greater strength distinction between the two layers, the greater the weakening effect. Third, when the internal-layer soil is harder than the external-layer soil, the existence of the internal-layer soil has a strengthening effect on the fracturing pressure regardless of the proportion of internal-layer soil. Moreover, the influence of strength distinction between the two layers on the fracturing pressure is significant when the proportion of internal-layer soil is less than half, while it’s limited when the proportion is more than half. The proposed solution is potentially useful for geotechnical problems involving aspects of cohesive soil layering in a composite formation.

关键词： hydraulic fracturing pressure layered cavity expansion theory triaxial fracturing test cohesive soil

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低渗油藏人工裂缝监测技术在现河地区的应用

肖淑明,吕志强, 郭志华,刘雪青

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 65-69

摘要：

针对高压低渗透油藏渗透率低、孔隙度小的特点，在压裂改造时进行裂缝监测，根据监测出的裂缝方位（方向）、裂缝长度、裂缝的高度（范围）和产状以及地下主应力的方向，为下步布井和井网调整提供了依据。2008年以来，现河地区已成功实施裂缝监测79井次，为低渗透油藏的高效开发提供了有力支持。

关键词：裂缝监测低渗透压裂

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山西沁水煤层气压裂施工的横向效应

李梦溪,张聪

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 16-19

摘要：

介绍了在山西沁水盆地煤层气压裂时监测到的压裂施工的横向效应，监测使用微地震方法。发现沿人工裂缝法向方向的邻井在施工时出现气量减少、枯竭、出水等反应，沿人工裂缝走向方向的邻井反应滞后。这一发现使笔者注意到煤层气压裂施工的横向挤压作用可能即时影响邻井产量，压裂设计时应该注意到这一反应的不良影响。

关键词：煤层气裂缝水力压裂

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Correction to: Effect of undercut on the lower bound stability of vertical rock escarpment using finite

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0035-5

摘要： Correction to: Effect of undercut on the lower bound stability of vertical rock escarpment using finite element and power cone programming

关键词： finite element power stability rock escarpment

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Long-term behavior and safety assessment of Sance Rockfill Dam

Marta DOLEZALOVA, Ivo HLADIK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 79-89 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0010-9

摘要： Safety assessment of the 62 m high Sance Rockfill Dam based on long-term monitoring results and their simulation by numerical models is presented in the paper. Unexpectedly large settlements and horizontal movements of the crest together with the steep downstream slope questioned the safety of the dam. Calibrated 2D and 3D models fitting the monitoring results were applied for the safety assessment of the dam including slope stability analysis and estimation of the clay core cracking and hydraulic fracturing hazard. The modeling results contributed to the rehabilitation concept and project of the dam.

关键词： rockfill dam path dependence creep calibration cracking hydraulic fracturing hazard

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Aspects of rock permeability

Lianyang ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 102-116 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0201-2

摘要： Effective evaluation of rock permeability is required in different energy, engineering and environmental projects. Although much research has been conducted on rock permeability, it is still one of the most difficult tasks for practicing rock engineers to accurately determine rock permeability. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper outlines the key aspects of rock permeability by presenting the representative values of the permeability of different rocks, describing the empirical and semi-empirical correlations for estimating the permeability of rocks, and discussing the main factors affecting the permeability of rocks. The factors discussed include stress, depth, temperature, and discontinuity intensity and aperture. This paper also highlights the scale effect on rock permeability, interconnectivity of discontinuities, and anisotropy of rock permeability. This paper provides the fundamental and essential information required for effective evaluation of rock permeability.

关键词： rock permeability discontinuity stress temperature scale effect anisotropy

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Influence of soft rock-fill material as dam embankment with central bituminous concrete membrane

Peter TSCHERNUTTER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 63-70 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0016-3

摘要： This paper demonstrates the difficulties in determining the relevant material parameters for a valuation of the deformation behavior of the up- and downstream dam shell by means of an embankment dam of medium height. Laboratory as well as field tests on solid rock-fill material were performed before the beginning of construction. During the construction the properties of the available rock-fill changed from solid to soft materials. This gave rise to the necessity of adjusting the dam design of the downstream dam shoulder. Several times higher dam settlements as well as significant differential settlements between the up- and downstream dam shell were observed during construction and operation. Apart from this situation, the dam has been operated for nearly 20 years and the behavior of the water barrier has been very good.

关键词： embankment dam bituminous concrete membrane rock-fill material properties deformation behavior

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interface adhesion factor on the bearing capacity of strip footing placed on cohesive soil overlying rock

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1494-1503 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0768-y

摘要： The problem related to bearing capacity of footing either on pure soil or on pure rock mass has been investigated over the years. Currently, no study deals with the bearing capacity of strip footing on a cohesive soil layer overlying rock mass. Therefore, by implementing the lower bound finite element limit analysis in conjunction with the second-order cone programming and the power cone programming, the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing located on a cohesive soil overlying rock mass is determined in this study. By considering the different values of interface adhesion factor (α_cr) between the cohesive soil and rock mass, the ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing is expressed in terms of influence factor (I_f) for different values of cohesive soil layer cover ratio (T_cs/B). The failure of cohesive soil is modeled by using Mohr−Coulomb yield criterion, whereas Generalized Hoek−Brown yield criterion is utilized to model the rock mass at failure. The variations ofI_f with different magnitudes of α_cr are studied by considering the influence of the rock mass strength parameters of beneath rock mass layer. To examine stress distribution at different depths, failure patterns are also plotted.

关键词： bearing capacity soil-rock interface Hoek−Brown yield criterion plasticity limit analysis

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祼孔长水平井苏75-70-6H连续压裂微地震监测

王万迅,叶连池,王立治,段正中

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第4期页码 4-7

摘要：

苏75-70-6H井是依靠国产技术完成的规模最大的裸孔水平井压裂井，水平段南北走向。微地震监测给出了每段压裂裂缝是否形成及形成位置、形态，指导压裂施工继续进行；监测出压裂液漏泄段，预警出现砂堵的可能；保证了压裂施工的成功，证明了国产井下工具完全可以实现多段压裂改造。监测结果准确反映指导了压裂施工过程。

关键词：压裂微地震监测裂缝

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水平井压裂裂缝监测与分析

刘建中,张传绪,赵艳波,蒋玉双,宋健兴

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第4期页码 60-64

摘要：

水平井可以在不太厚的油层中增大钻井过油层范围，实现高速注、采，提高产量。有些水平井需要压裂，因此常常需要了解并控制人工裂缝形态、方位。通过微地震人工裂缝监测，研究已有的水平井压裂结果，特别是钻井水平段大体沿最大水平主应力方向的水平井压裂，了解压裂裂缝形成的机制及控制方式。通过比较，进一步提高水平井钻井水平及控缝理论。

关键词：水平井压裂裂缝微地震监测

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Mechanical properties of rock materials with related to mineralogical characteristics and grain size

Wenjuan SUN, Linbing WANG, Yaqiong WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 322-328 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0387-9

摘要： Mechanical properties of rock materials are related to textural characteristics. The relationships between mechanical properties and textural characteristics have been extensively investigated for differently types of rocks through experimental tests. Based on the experimental test data, single- and multiple- variant regression analyses are conducted among mechanical properties and textural characteristics. Textural characteristics of rock materials are influenced by the following factors: mineral composition, size, shape, and spatial distribution of mineral grains, porosity, and inherent microcracks. This study focuses on the first two: mineral composition and grain size. ? This study comprehensively summarizes the regression equations between mechanical properties and mineral content and the regression equations between mechanical properties and grain size. Further research directions are suggested at the end of this study.

关键词： Mechanical properties rock material texture mineral characteristics

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第三沉降带应力场研究

闫治涛,刘建中,邱金平, 金丽华

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 33-35

摘要：

介绍了第三沉降带的分布，监测得出的大量人工裂缝方向数据及由人工裂缝方向数据统计得出的最大水平主应力方向。结果表明，第三沉降带由北向南绵延１５００ km，最大水平主应力方向大体稳定，分布在５５°～７５° NE范围，多为６５° NE。由监测结果可以判断，第三沉降带的构造应力方向是南亚板块及菲律宾板块共同作用的结果。

关键词：微地震法人工裂缝监测第三沉降带最大水平主应力方向压裂施工

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Frost heave and freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack under different freezing conditions

Zhitao LV, Caichu XIA, Yuesong WANG, Ziliang LIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 947-960 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0638-z

摘要： Frost heave experiments on saturated sandstone and tuff with an open crack are conducted under uniform and unidirectional freezing conditions. Frost heave of crack in sandstone with high permeability is more significant under uniform freezing condition than that under unidirectional freezing condition. However, frost heave of crack in tuff with low permeability is more significant under unidirectional freezing condition. To illustrate the reasons for this phenomenon, a numerical model on the freezing processes of saturated rock with an open crack considering the latent heat of pore water and water in crack is proposed and confirmed to be reliable. Numerical results show that a frozen shell that blocks the migration of water in crack to rock develops first in the outer part of the rock before the freezing of water in crack under uniform freezing condition. However, the migration path of water in crack to the unfrozen rock under freezing front exists under unidirectional freezing condition. The freezing process and permeability of rock together determine the migration of water in crack and lead to the different frost heave modes of crack for various permeable rocks under different freezing conditions. The frost heave modes of crack in rock with low or high permeability are similar under uniform freezing condition because water migration is blocked by a frozen shell and is irrelevant to rock permeability. For high permeability rock, the frost heave of crack will be weakened due to water migration under unidirectional freezing condition; however, the frost heave of crack would be more significant for low permeability rock because water migration is blocked under unidirectional freezing condition. Therefore, the freezing condition and rock permeability determine the frost heave of rock with crack together, and this should be concerned in cold regions engineering applications.

关键词： frost heave rock with crack freezing process freezing condition frost heave mode